By Donna on November 11, 2009
D. Zagotta, The Mission Inn
You can’t learn techniques and then try to be a painter. Techniques are a result. Jackson Pollock
I’ve had a number of requests from readers to write about opaque watercolor, so here goes!
10 years ago I found myself at a
crossroads with my art. I was a traditional watercolorist and no longer
satisfied with my work. I longed for a more creative approach, a more
creative image, and a style all my own. I also wanted to be able to
paint in a spontaneous, improvisational manner - to be able
to respond to and work with whatever happens to present itself in
my painting. So, long story short – no longer willing to settle for
paintings that didn’t satisfy me, I embarked on a journey to find my
authentic self and a way of working that would help me achieve
my goals. Because transparent watercolor doesn’t easily allow for
corrections, painting out, painting over, changing my mind, or the kind
of trial and error approach I was looking for, I knew that I was going
to have to change my medium or at the very least alter my approach
to watercolor.
That period of struggle, uncertainty,
and experimentation led to the unconventional approach to watercolor
that I use today. In my technique I combine watercolor with white
gouache and apply the paint in heavy layers using very little water.
Because both watercolor and white gouache are water-soluble mediums, I
can layer and “melt” wet colors together on the painting to create a
third color that cannot be gotten any other way. If you would like to
try opaque watercolor, here are some ideas.
The similarities and differences between transparent and opaque watercolor:
- Keep in mind that opaque watercolor
looks very different from transparent watercolor. Opaque
watercolor has a matte, velvet-like quality and looks much like a
gouache painting.
- With transparent watercolor, colors
are lightened with water, whereas with opaque watercolor, colors are
lightened with white gouache.
- Darks in opaque watercolor are
produced the same way as with transparent watercolor; by painting
heavily with dark-valued watercolors, adding only as much water as is
necessary to move the paint around.
- With transparent watercolor, saved
white paper is used for the painting’s whites. With opaque watercolor,
paint is used for the painting’s whites.
- Just as it is with transparent
watercolor, in opaque watercolor the artist must be in total control of
the water-pigment ratio in his brush, on his painting, and on the
palette. In both transparent and opaque watercolor, too much water if
often the enemy as it can easily lead to mud.
Here are some technical tips for painting in opaque watercolor:
- Techniques: There
are no “right” or “wrong” techniques. With opaque watercolor you can use
transparent watercolor techniques, oil painting techniques, pastel
techniques, and any other technique you can think of. You can paint
thinly, or you can build up your painting with a lot of surface texture,
expressive brushwork, and even impasto - the possibilities are endless
and limited only by your imagination.
- Brushes: Sable
brushes don’t work well with opaque painting because they hold too much
water. With opaque watercolor you cannot rely on washes to fill in large
shapes – you must paint them in with brushstrokes of color. Larger,
“stiff-ish” brushes allow more paint to be put down. Experiment with
“stiff-ish” medium and large sized rounds and flats to find the brushes
that work best for you.
- Paint: White Gouache (I use Winsor Newton’s Permanent White
Designer’s Gouache) and your favorite watercolors. Keep in mind that
although watercolor is a transparent medium, not every color is equally
transparent. For example, the cadmium colors, Yellow Ochre, and Indian
Red are highly opaque - therefore these pigments naturally have a lot of
body and covering power, so I have them on my palette. On the other
hand, Cobalt Blue, Rose Madder Genuine, and Aureolin Yellow are highly
transparent and without much covering power, so I avoid them. There are
also semi-opaque, semi-transparent, staining, and sedimentary
watercolors. Each tube of watercolor has a specific characteristic and
in order to work effectively with the medium of watercolor, whether you
work in a transparent or opaque manner, you must know the
characteristics of each pigment you choose to place on your palette.
- Palette: You’ll need
a palette with deep wells. And fill those wells! You need to have a lot
of pigment available to you on your palette. You will be scooping up
pigment and laying it down in individual brushstrokes. Again, with
opaque watercolor you cannot rely on watery washes to fill in large
shapes, and you cannot “stretch” the paint that you mix on your palette
with water.
-Paper: You can use
any type of paper, smooth or textured. I like a relatively smooth
surface because I want my brushstrokes to show. I have also seen
successful results in my workshops that were done on cold press and even
300 # rough paper. Experiment to find the kind of surface that works
best for you.
- Experiment! With
opaque watercolor there are no limits. You can paint light colors over
dark colors, you can change your mind or change the painting’s direction
in process, you can try any and all ideas that occur to you right on
the painting, and you can make any and all corrections confidently and
without fear of losing your painting. If worse comes to worse and the
painting completely goes south, you can wipe if all off, dry it, and
start all over again. How liberating!